Form: 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

February 23, 2017

Documents

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Table of Contents


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
þ
 
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2017
OR
o
 
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________ .

Commission File Number 0-21180
intuitlogoa04.gif
INTUIT INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State of incorporation)
 
77-0034661
(IRS employer identification no.)
 
2700 Coast Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
 
 
 
 
(650) 944-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ
 
Accelerated filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 255,785,325 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding at February 17, 2017.
 


INTUIT INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
Page
Number
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 EX-10.02
 EX-31.01
 EX-31.02
 EX-32.01
 EX-32.02
 EX-101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
 EX-101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 EX-101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 EX-101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
 EX-101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 EX-101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Intuit, the Intuit logo, QuickBooks, TurboTax, Lacerte, ProSeries, and Mint, among others, are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other countries. Other parties’ marks are the property of their respective owners.

2
Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
INTUIT INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
 
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
Net revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
299

 
$
264

 
$
596

 
$
535

Service and other
717

 
659

 
1,198

 
1,101

Total net revenue
1,016

 
923

 
1,794

 
1,636

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of product revenue
37

 
40

 
66

 
69

Cost of service and other revenue
166

 
153

 
317

 
284

Amortization of acquired technology
3

 
6

 
6

 
12

Selling and marketing
405

 
356

 
688

 
600

Research and development
243

 
205

 
489

 
418

General and administrative
140

 
120

 
266

 
237

Amortization of other acquired intangible assets
—

 
1

 
1

 
3

Total costs and expenses
994

 
881

 
1,833

 
1,623

Operating income (loss) from continuing operations
22

 
42

 
(39
)
 
13

Interest expense
(11
)
 
(9
)
 
(20
)
 
(16
)
Interest and other income (expense), net
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(3
)
 
(9
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
10

 
28

 
(62
)
 
(12
)
Income tax provision (benefit)
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(45
)
 
(10
)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
13

 
29

 
(17
)
 
(2
)
Net loss from discontinued operations
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
(5
)
Net income (loss)
$
13

 
$
24

 
$
(17
)
 
$
(7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share from continuing operations
$
0.05

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.01
)
Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations
—

 
(0.02
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
Basic net income (loss) per share
$
0.05

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.03
)
Shares used in basic per share calculations
257

 
263

 
257

 
267

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) per share from continuing operations
$
0.05

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.01
)
Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations
—

 
(0.02
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
Diluted net income (loss) per share
$
0.05

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.03
)
Shares used in diluted per share calculations
260

 
266

 
257

 
267

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.34

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.68

 
$
0.60

See accompanying notes.

3
Table of Contents

INTUIT INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
 
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
13

 
$
24

 
$
(17
)
 
$
(7
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

Foreign currency translation gains (losses)
3

 
(10
)
 
(1
)
 
(12
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net
3

 
(10
)
 
(2
)
 
(12
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
16

 
$
14

 
$
(19
)
 
$
(19
)


See accompanying notes.


4
Table of Contents

INTUIT INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
January 31,
2017
 
July 31,
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
392

 
$
638

Investments
245

 
442

Accounts receivable, net
521

 
108

Income taxes receivable
41

 
20

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
156

 
102

Current assets before funds held for customers
1,355

 
1,310

Funds held for customers
324

 
304

Total current assets
1,679

 
1,614

Long-term investments
28

 
28

Property and equipment, net
1,047

 
1,031

Goodwill
1,293

 
1,282

Acquired intangible assets, net
34

 
44

Long-term deferred income taxes
172

 
139

Other assets
120

 
112

Total assets
$
4,373

 
$
4,250

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$
687

 
$
512

Accounts payable
258

 
184

Accrued compensation and related liabilities
204

 
289

Deferred revenue
1,076

 
801

Other current liabilities
254

 
161

Current liabilities before customer fund deposits
2,479

 
1,947

Customer fund deposits
324

 
304

Total current liabilities
2,803

 
2,251

Long-term debt
463

 
488

Long-term deferred revenue
178

 
204

Other long-term obligations
144

 
146

Total liabilities
3,588

 
3,089

Commitments and contingencies

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock
—

 
—

Common stock and additional paid-in capital
4,660

 
4,445

Treasury stock, at cost
(10,329
)
 
(9,939
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(34
)
 
(32
)
Retained earnings
6,488

 
6,687

Total stockholders’ equity
785

 
1,161

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
4,373

 
$
4,250

See accompanying notes.

5
Table of Contents

INTUIT INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(In millions, except shares in thousands)
Shares of
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock and
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balance at July 31, 2016
257,853

 
$
4,445

 
$
(9,939
)
 
$
(32
)
 
$
6,687

 
$
1,161

Comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(17
)
 
(19
)
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
1,649

 
35

 


 
—

 
—

 
35

Stock repurchases under stock repurchase programs
(3,500
)
 
—

 
(390
)
 
—

 
—

 
(390
)
Dividends and dividend rights declared ($0.68 per share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(178
)
 
(178
)
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principle
—

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
2

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
174

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
174

Balance at January 31, 2017
256,002

 
$
4,660

 
$
(10,329
)
 
$
(34
)
 
$
6,488

 
$
785


(In millions, except shares in thousands)
Shares of
Common
Stock
 
Common
Stock and
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balance at July 31, 2015
277,706

 
$
4,010

 
$
(7,675
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
6,027

 
$
2,332

Comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(12
)
 
(7
)
 
(19
)
Issuance of stock under employee stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
1,901

 
56

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
56

Stock repurchases under stock repurchase programs
(19,134
)
 
—

 
(1,725
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,725
)
Dividends and dividend rights declared ($0.60 per share)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(163
)
 
(163
)
Tax benefit from share-based compensation plans
—

 
20

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
20

Share-based compensation expense
—

 
140

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
140

Balance at January 31, 2016
260,473

 
$
4,226

 
$
(9,400
)
 
$
(42
)
 
$
5,857

 
$
641



See accompanying notes.

6
Table of Contents

INTUIT INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions)
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(17
)
 
$
(7
)
 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation
101

 
94

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
11

 
19

Share-based compensation expense
170

 
137

Deferred income taxes
(31
)
 
(11
)
Tax benefit from share-based compensation plans
—

 
20

Other
7

 
10

Total adjustments
258

 
269

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(413
)
 
(431
)
Income taxes receivable
(21
)
 
(26
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(58
)
 
(18
)
Accounts payable
93

 
103

Accrued compensation and related liabilities
(83
)
 
(100
)
Deferred revenue
250

 
296

Other liabilities
78

 
43

Total changes in operating assets and liabilities
(154
)
 
(133
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
87

 
129

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of corporate and customer fund investments
(201
)
 
(181
)
Sales of corporate and customer fund investments
316

 
942

Maturities of corporate and customer fund investments
79

 
126

Net change in cash and cash equivalents held to satisfy customer fund obligations
(20
)
 
(35
)
Net change in customer fund deposits
20

 
35

Purchases of property and equipment
(132
)
 
(394
)
Other
(19
)
 
—

Net cash provided by investing activities
43

 
493

Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facilities
150

 
745

Proceeds from issuance of stock under employee stock plans
86

 
85

Payments for employee taxes withheld upon vesting of restricted stock units
(51
)
 
(29
)
Cash paid for purchases of treasury stock
(383
)
 
(1,725
)
Dividends and dividend rights paid
(177
)
 
(161
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(375
)
 
(1,085
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
(1
)
 
(11
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(246
)
 
(474
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
638

 
808

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
392

 
$
334

________________________________
During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” See Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted,” for more information.
Because the cash flows of our discontinued operations were not material for any period presented, we have not segregated the cash flows of those businesses on these statements of cash flows. See Note 4, “Discontinued Operations,” for more information.
See accompanying notes.

7
Table of Contents

INTUIT INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

1.
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Intuit Inc. provides business and financial management solutions for small businesses, consumers, and accounting professionals. With flagship products and services that include QuickBooks and TurboTax, we help customers solve important business and financial management problems such as running a small business, paying bills, and filing income taxes. ProSeries and Lacerte are Intuit’s tax preparation offerings for professional accountants. Incorporated in 1984 and headquartered in Mountain View, California, we sell our products and services primarily in the United States.
Basis of Presentation
These condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Intuit and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation. We have included all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, which we considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial results for the interim periods presented. We have reclassified certain amounts previously reported in our financial statements to conform to the current presentation, including amounts related to discontinued operations and reportable segments. See Note 4, “Discontinued Operations,” and Note 10, “Segment Information,” for more information.
As discussed in Note 4, we sold our Demandforce, QuickBase, and Quicken businesses in the third quarter of fiscal 2016. We have reclassified our statements of operations for all periods presented to reflect these businesses as discontinued operations. Because the cash flows of these businesses were not material for any period presented, we have not segregated them on our statements of cash flows. Unless noted otherwise, discussions in these notes pertain to our continuing operations.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. Results for the six months ended January 31, 2017 do not necessarily indicate the results we expect for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2017 or any other future period.
Seasonality
Our Consumer Tax offerings have significant seasonal patterns and revenue from those income tax preparation products and services is heavily concentrated in our third fiscal quarter ending April 30.
Significant Accounting Policies
We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 1 to the financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2016. There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies during the first six months of fiscal 2017.
Use of Estimates
In preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes. For example, we use estimates in determining the appropriate levels of reserves for product returns and rebates, the collectibility of accounts receivable, the appropriate levels of various accruals including accruals for litigation contingencies, the amount of our worldwide tax provision, and the realizability of deferred tax assets. We also use estimates in determining the remaining economic lives and fair values of acquired intangible assets, property and equipment, and other long-lived assets. In addition, we use assumptions to estimate the fair value of reporting units and share-based compensation. Despite our intention to establish accurate estimates and use reasonable assumptions, actual results may differ from our estimates.
Computation of Net Income (Loss) Per Share
We compute basic net income or loss per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. We compute diluted net income per share using the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of the shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of restricted stock units (RSUs) under the treasury stock method.

8
Table of Contents

We include stock options with combined exercise prices and unrecognized compensation expense that are less than the average market price for our common stock, and RSUs with unrecognized compensation expense that is less than the average market price for our common stock, in the calculation of diluted net income per share. We exclude stock options with combined exercise prices and unrecognized compensation expense that are greater than the average market price for our common stock, and RSUs with unrecognized compensation expense that is greater than the average market price for our common stock, from the calculation of diluted net income per share because their effect is anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount that must be paid to exercise stock options and the amount of compensation expense for future service that we have not yet recognized for stock options and RSUs are assumed to be used to repurchase shares. Prior to our early adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we included tax benefits in assessing whether equity awards were dilutive and in our calculations of weighted average dilutive shares under the treasury stock method.
All of the RSUs we grant have dividend rights. Dividend rights are accumulated and paid when the underlying RSUs vest. Since the dividend rights are subject to the same vesting requirements as the underlying equity awards they are considered a contingent transfer of value. Consequently, the RSUs are not considered participating securities and we do not present them separately in earnings per share.
In loss periods, basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are the same since the effect of potential common shares is anti-dilutive and therefore excluded.
The following table presents the composition of shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
 
January 31,
2017
 
January 31,
2016
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
$
13

 
$
29

 
$
(17
)
 
$
(2
)
Net loss from discontinued operations
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
(5
)
Net income (loss)
$
13

 
$
24

 
$
(17
)
 
$
(7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares used in basic per share amounts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
257

 
263

 
257

 
267

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares used in diluted per share amounts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
257

 
263

 
257

 
267

Dilutive common equivalent shares from stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and restricted stock awards
3

 
3

 
—

 
—

Dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding
260

 
266

 
257

 
267

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share from continuing operations
$
0.05

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.01
)
Basic net loss per share from discontinued operations
—

 
(0.02
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
Basic net income (loss) per share
$
0.05

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) per share from continuing operations
$
0.05

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.01
)
Diluted net loss per share from discontinued operations
—

 
(0.02
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
Diluted net income (loss) per share
$
0.05

 
$
0.09

 
$
(0.07
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares excluded from computation of diluted net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average stock options and restricted stock units that would have been included in the computation of dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding if net income had been reported in the period
—

 
—

 
11

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average stock options and restricted stock units excluded from computation due to anti-dilutive effect
4

 
2

 
4

 
2



9
Table of Contents

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
No customer accounted for 10% or more of total net revenue in the three or six months ended January 31, 2017 or January 31, 2016. Due to the seasonality of our consumer tax offerings, one retail customer accounted for 15% of gross accounts receivable at January 31, 2017. No customer accounted for 10% or more of gross accounts receivable at July 31, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This new standard eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2017-04 on our consolidated financial statements.
Business Combinations
In January 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” This new standard clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2017-01 on our consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows
In August 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” This new standard will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018. The standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-15 on our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments
In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326).” This new standard requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2020. Earlier adoption is permitted in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This new standard amends a number of aspects of lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize operating leases with a term greater than one year on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability, measured at the present value of the lease payments. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. This standard is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

10
Table of Contents

Revenue Recognition
In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” and in August 2015 the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. This new standard supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the standard is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. The standard defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible that more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than is required under present U.S. GAAP. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The standard also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. The standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which means that it will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018. Early adoption one year prior to the required effective date is permitted. The standard allows adoption using either of two methods: (i) retrospective to each prior reporting period presented, with the option to elect certain practical expedients; or (ii) retrospective with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.
We do not expect that any other recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a significant effect on our financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
Stock Compensation
In March 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” We elected to early adopt this standard in the first quarter of our fiscal year that began August 1, 2016. As required by ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits recognized on stock-based compensation expense are reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes on a prospective basis. For the three and six months ended January 31, 2017, we recognized excess tax benefits of $7 million and $26 million in our provision of income taxes. As required by ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits are classified as an operating activity in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and we have applied this provision on a retrospective basis. For the six months ended January 31, 2016, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $20 million with a corresponding offset to net cash used in financing activities. In addition, we have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected forfeitures over the course of a vesting period. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, we recognized the net cumulative effect of this change as a $6 million increase to additional paid-in capital, a $2 million increase to deferred tax assets and a $4 million reduction to retained earnings as of August 1, 2016.


2.
Fair Value Measurements
The authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. When determining fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability and assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In addition, we consider and use all valuation methods that are appropriate in estimating the fair value of an asset or liability.
The authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that is based on the extent and level of judgment used to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities. In general, the authoritative guidance requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset or liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of its fair value. The three levels of input defined by the authoritative guidance are as follows:
•
Level 1 uses unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2 uses inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable through correlation with market data. These include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and inputs to valuation models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment because the inputs used in the model, such as

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interest rates and volatility, can be corroborated by readily observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•
Level 3 uses one or more unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the determination of fair value. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques and significant management judgment or estimation.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities that we measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated, classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above.
 
January 31, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents, primarily money market funds
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
416

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
416

Available-for-sale debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal bonds
—

 
94

 
—

 
94

 
—

 
186

 
—

 
186

Corporate notes
—

 
349

 
—

 
349

 
—

 
420

 
—

 
420

U.S. agency securities
—

 
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
36

 
—

 
36

Municipal auction rate securities
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

 
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

Total available-for-sale securities
—

 
445

 
15

 
460

 
—

 
642

 
15

 
657

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
—

 
$
445

 
$
15

 
$
460

 
$
416

 
$
642

 
$
15

 
$
1,073

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes (1)
$
—

 
$
503

 
$
—

 
$
503

 
$
—

 
$
515

 
$
—

 
$
515

______________________________
(1)
Carrying value on our balance sheets at January 31, 2017 was $500 million and at July 31, 2016 was $500 million. See Note 5, “Current Liabilities – Short-Term Debt,” for more information.
The following table summarizes our cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt securities by balance sheet classification and level in the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated.
 
January 31, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Fair Value
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In cash and cash equivalents
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
312

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
312

In funds held for customers
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
104

 
—

 
—

 
104

Total cash equivalents
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
416

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
416

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In investments
$
—

 
$
245

 
$
—

 
$
245

 
$
—

 
$
442

 
$
—

 
$
442

In funds held for customers
—

 
200

 
—

 
200

 
—

 
200

 
—

 
200

In long-term investments
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

 
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

Total available-for-sale securities
$
—

 
$
445

 
$
15

 
$
460

 
$
—

 
$
642

 
$
15

 
$
657


We value our Level 1 assets, consisting primarily of money market funds, using quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Financial assets whose fair values we measure on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs consist of municipal bonds, corporate notes, and U.S. agency securities. We measure the fair values of these assets with the help of a pricing service

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that either provides quoted market prices in active markets for identical or similar securities or uses observable inputs for their pricing without applying significant adjustments. Our fair value processes include controls that are designed to ensure that we record appropriate fair values for our Level 2 investments. These controls include comparison to pricing provided by a secondary pricing service or investment manager, validation of pricing sources and models, review of key model inputs, analysis of period-over-period price fluctuations, and independent recalculation of prices where appropriate.
Financial liabilities whose fair values we measure using Level 2 inputs consist of senior unsecured notes. See Note 5, “Current Liabilities – Short-Term Debt,” for more information. We measure the fair value of our senior notes based on their trading prices and the interest rates we could obtain for other borrowings with similar terms.
Financial assets whose fair values we measure using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs consist of municipal auction rate securities that are no longer liquid. We estimate the fair values of the auction rate securities using a discounted cash flow model. We continue to classify them as long-term investments based on the maturities of the underlying securities at that date. We do not intend to sell our municipal auction rate securities. In addition, it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell them before recovery at par, which may be at maturity.
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended January 31, 2017.


3.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Investments and Funds Held for Customers
We consider highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of AAA-rated money market funds in all periods presented. Investments at January 31, 2017 consisted of available-for-sale investment-grade debt securities that we carried at fair value. Funds held for customers consist of cash and cash equivalents and investment grade available-for-sale debt securities in all periods presented. Except for direct obligations of the United States government, securities issued by agencies of the United States government, and money market funds, we diversify our investments in debt securities by limiting our holdings with any individual issuer.
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds held for customers by balance sheet classification at the dates indicated.
 
January 31, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
(In millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
Classification on balance sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
392

 
$
392

 
$
638

 
$
638

Investments
246

 
245

 
441

 
442

Funds held for customers
324

 
324

 
304

 
304

Long-term investments
28

 
28

 
28

 
28

Total cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds
held for customers
$
990

 
$
989

 
$
1,411

 
$
1,412



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The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, investments, and funds held for customers by investment category at the dates indicated.
 
January 31, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
(In millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
Type of issue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
$
516

 
$
516

 
$
742

 
$
742

Available-for-sale debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal bonds
94

 
94

 
186

 
186

Corporate notes
350

 
349

 
419

 
420

U.S. agency securities
2

 
2

 
36

 
36

Municipal auction rate securities
15

 
15

 
15

 
15

Total available-for-sale debt securities
461

 
460

 
656

 
657

Other long-term investments
13

 
13

 
13

 
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